Involvement of a Multidrug Efflux Pump and Alterations in Cell Surface Structure in the Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Nagilactone E and Anethole against Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Nagilactone E, an antifungal agent derived from the root bark of Podocarpus nagi, inhibits 1,3-β glucan synthesis; however, its inhibitory activity is weak. Anethole, principal component anise oil, enhances nagilactone E. We aimed to determine combinatorial effect and underlying mechanisms action E anethole against budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analyses using gene-deficient strains showed that multidrug efflux pump PDR5 associated with resistance; transcription was gradually restricted in cells treated drug combination for a prolonged duration but not nagilactone-E-treated cells. Green-fluorescent-protein-tagged Pdr5p intensively expressed localized on plasma membrane drug-combination-treated Quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy revealed smoothening intertwined fiber structures cell surface spheroplasts, indicating decline wall components loss strength. Anethole enhanced by enabling retention within cells, thereby accelerating damage. The can be employed clinical settings as antifungal, well food preservative restrict spoilage.